Sebuah lagi artikel mengenai Janissari. Artikel bertajuk 'Peasant' Janissaries? tulisan Evgeni Radushev dari Bilkent University, tebal 22 m/surat.
DT50 1 2020 aza emel.
Ottoman oppressed Arabs
Baca "The Ottoman’s dark and oppressive role in the Arab lands". milli chronicle - link.
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Janissaries adalah kor tentera pemerintah Ottoman. Ia dikatakan bermula dengan lantikan tentera yang terdiri dari anak-anak orang Kristian yang tewas dalam perang. Ottoman membela mereka dan kemudiannya melatih mereka berkhidmat sebagai tentera.
Baca artikel "Origin of Jannisaries" tebal 36 m/surat.
Boleh baca makna janissari dalam bahasa melayu di sini : english-malay net - link.
Folder: DT50 aza emel.
Ottoman Road War
Baca "The Ottoman Road to War: Mustafa Aksakal on the Ottomans' Fateful Decision".
Artikel terbitan council for ethics in international affairs - link.
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Bacaan pagi ini berkisar kepada citadel. Citadel is a fortress protecting or overlooking a city. Salah satu contoh citadel yang menarik dan menjadi lokasi tumpuan pelancung ialah Qaitbay Citadel di Alexandria Egypt.
The Citadel of Qaitbay is a defensive fortress built by
Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay, who ruled Egypt from 1468 to 1496. It is
considered one of the most important defensive strongholds, not only in Egypt,
but also along the Mediterranean Sea coast.
Qaitbay Citadel, Alexandria
source: independent egypt - link
Baca "LE235 million allocated to protect Qaitbay from rising sea water". ibid
Baca juga alexandria gov - link:
Petikan:
After the Ottoman Turks had conquered Egypt, they cared for
this unique Qaitbay Fort. They used it for shelter, as they had done with the
Citadel of Saladin in Cairo . Moreover, they also did for the Citadels of
Damieta, Rosetta, Al Borollos and El Arish. They kept it in good condition and
stationed it with infantry and artillery.
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