Genghiz Khan Tawan Khorasan

Tentera Mongol pimpinan Genghiz Khan amat digeruni di masa silam. Mereka berjaya menawan setiap pelusuk yang mereka pernah tiba. Termasuklah wilayah Islam seperti Baghdad ketika di zaman Abbasiah. Begitu juga Khorasan pada kurun ke13.

Ada sebuah kajian oleh pengkaji Uiam mengenai Genghiz Khan menawan Khorasan. Boleh baca hasil kajian bertajuk 'Chinggis Khan and his conquest of Khorasan: Causes and consequences'. Kajian oleh Aniba Israt Ara.

Kandungan:

Rise of Chinggis Khan.

Khorasan in Muslim history.

Chinggis Khan's conquest of Khorasan.

The impact of Chinggis Khan's conquest and 

Sumber uiam - link.

Sebuah masjid warga Bosnia di Frankfurt

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Sedikit Tentang Turkmenistan

Apa yang disebut mengenai Turkmenistan. Ada yang meletak tajuk begini;

The country stands as one of the most repressed countries of the world, with a one-party government and President Berdymukhamedov's dictatorship style of working.

20 bizarre facts about Turkmenistan, the world's weirdest dictatorship (artikel tulisan 2022 - link).

Apart from The Hell's Gate, Turkmenistan, the Central Asian country is known for its unique laws, its autocratic government and amazing facts. 

Apart from the the Hell’s Gate, the country has one of the most bizarre set of rules and living conditions for its people. Young can’t grow beards, no black cars, a record-breaking fascination for setting world records are some of the weird facts about Turkmenistan.

Here is a glance at twenty weird facts about Turkmenistan.

1. One of the least visited countries.

2. Eighty percent (80%) desert. [Let find Karakum Desert].

3. The Hell's Gate - a man made disaster.

4. Shut the Gates of Hell.

5. Ashgabat in the Guiness Book of World Records.

6. Ruhnama,The Book of the Soul.

7. Ruhnama in mosques.

8. Ruhnama Statue.

9. Ruhnama in space.

10. Ruhnama for a driving license.

11. End of Ruhnama.

12. No beards for young men.

13. New months and weeks.

14. Pilov, the staple diet.

15. National holiday for melons.

16. No dirty cars in the country.

17. Carpets in Turkmenistan.

18. Horses as important as carpets.

19. The President's obsession with horses. 

[President Berdymukhamedov is obsessed with Akhal-Teke horses. He loves them so much that his office has only one prominent motif all over the furniture].

20. The only neutral country in the world.

THE ONLY NEUTRAL COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

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Hotel Flamingo Taiping

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Bendera Negara Turmenistan

Jarang kita dengar nama negara Turkmenistan ni. Sebuah negara Asia Tengah. Dulunya sebuah negara bawah Kesatuan Soviet, USSR. Mendapat kemerdekaan pada tahun 1991.

Petikan medium dot com - link:

It is a country in Central Asia, surrounded by such neighbours as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran. It has an access to the Caspian Sea and has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital city is Ashgabat and until 2006 it had the best president in the world, the one, the only — Saparmurat Niyazov.

Bendera rasmi Turkmenistan

Petikan Turkmenistan travel - link:

The colors green and red are present in this flag because they were historically revered by the Turkmens. In Islam, the green color has been considered a sign of special distinction – revered and sacred. It, as a symbol of youth and abundance, symbolized a fertile oasis, regenerating nature, and a full life. For Muslims, red color, as in other cultures, symbolized love and was considered sacred and magical.

The growing crescent moon symbolizes the country’s hope for a bright future, and the stars represent the five pillars of Islam and, at the same time, the five velayats (velayats) of Turkmenistan: Ahal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary. The five traditional carpet patterns along the hoist make the flag of Turkmenistan the most complex national flag in the world. They represent the five main tribes or houses and form the motifs of the national emblem and flag of the country.

These Turkmen tribes in traditional order (and also from top to bottom) are Teke (Tekke), Yomut (Yomud), Saryk (Saryk), Choudur (Chowdur) and Arsary (Ersary). The middle design may also represent the Salyr (Salur), a tribe that declined as a result of military defeat before the modern period.

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Artikel British dan Malayan Union

Baca artikel bertajuk 'Unsur yang telah menyebabkan kerajaan British mengemukakan Kesatuan Tanah Melayu'. Artikel oleh Raja Ali Raja Busu terbitan Jebat tahun 1971.

Umumnya unsur-unsur yang menyebabkan Kerajaan British mengemukakan Kesatuan Tanah Melayu adalah berpuncha dari keinginan British untuk bertapak semula di Tanah Melayu demi kepentingan politik dan ekonominya. Konsep berkenaan penyatuan Malaya memang sudah ada sejak zaman Clementi lagi iaitu diawal2 tahun 1930.

Sumber: jebat - link.

Delhi

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Wabak Demam Malaya 1917-1918

Malaya diserang wabak demam meluas pada sekitar 1917-1918.

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Baca sama:

Terribly Severe Though Mercifully Short: The Episode of the 1918 Influenza in British Malaya - modern asian studies 2007, ntu edu sg (link).

In 1918 a pandemic killed at least 40,000 in British Malaya. cilisos - link.

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Muffin HK

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Catatan Tentang Orang Asli vs British

Page 04/25.

And yet, Orang Asli voices were voluble in their own circles during the colonial era, a period of vast social and economic change. [voluble mean talking easily at length].

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Sabah Tea

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Orang Asli dan Kolonial British

Ada sebuah artikel bertajuk 'Contacts and contrasts: the British vs the Orang Asli in Colonial Malaya' terbit pada 2012. Artikel oleh Adela S Baer (b.1931) tebal 25 m/surat.

Introduction; How the British Regarded the Orang Asli; How the Orang Asli Regarded the British; British Portraits of Individual Orang Asli Men and Women; British Justification for Taking Orang Asli Land; The Lingering Colonial Effects on Orang Asli.

Sedikit nota tentang tulisan Al-Atas dalam buku beliau Mitos:

In discussing the colonial-era population in Malaya, Al-atas did not acknowledge the presence of Orang Asli (pp.228-229). He stated flatly that the country belonged to the Malays (p.95) and that they gave up “their” land to the British (p.127). While, as Al-atas noted (p.102), Europeans forced themselves on the Malays, it was not only Europeans who forced themselves on the Orang Asli. Al-atas censured the colonial harm to majority groups in Southeast Asia, not the harm to minorities, such as the Orang Asli in his own nation-state.

Since the Orang Asli were not Malays not Moslem and lacking rajas or sultans with whom the British could palaver, they were deemed insignificant or, at times, quaint museum specimens. [palaver means a lot of fuss about something].

Sumber: oregon state uni mm - link.

Folder: Atq 2025 jun pelbagai - pdf.

Buku jualan HK Airport

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